History of Cognitive Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

History of Cognitive Psychology - Essay Example The commitment of early specialists under the direction of subjective conduct made it conceivable to confirm each examination. They didn't structure a fabulous plan to control psychological brain research through its turn of events. Or maybe, early specialists applied bits of knowledge from their prompt work to make starting progress. Their achievements were significant and are reflected widely in current work. (Barsalou, Lawrence.1992, p. 341) Modern brain science is started with the upgraded importance in discernment, which is unsceptical, as a similar methodology has been shared by all the specialists up to this point, which have a strong ground of hypothetical approach. Intellectual brain research started to investigate towards the finish of the nineteenth century when in 1879 the main brain science lab was set up by Wilhelm Wundt at Leipzig. Wundt's exploration was chiefly worried about recognition, including the absolute most punctual investigations of visual dreams. Among one of the significant examinations on visual figments was visual preparing proposed by Mishkin in 1982. (Hahn, Martin, 1999, p. 71). In 1885 Hermann Ebbinghaus distributed the principal trial research on memory, and numerous resulting specialists were to receive his strategies throughout the years that followed. Maybe the most enduring work of this early period was an amazing book composed by William James in 1890, entitled Principles of Psychology. (Groome, David, 1999, p. 5). In this book James proposed various speculations, which despite everything stay worthy to current psychological clinicians, including a hypothesis recognizing transient working memory and long haul stock piling memory. Watson (1913) Watson was the primary psychological analyst to express the behaviorist position unmistakably as before Watson there was little advancement in intellectual brain science in the early years because of the developing impact of behaviorism. Being the principal powerful figure, he kept up that analysts should consider just noticeable factors, for example, the boost introduced to the creature and any ensuing reaction to that improvement. He contended that they ought not worry about procedures that they couldn't see in a logical way, for example, thought and cognizant experience. The behaviorists were basically attempting to set up brain science as a genuine science, equivalent in status with different sciences, for example, material science or science. This was maybe a commendable point, yet it had shocking ramifications for the investigation of brain research for the following fifty years, as it had the impact of limiting exploratory brain science predominantly to the chronicle of remote ly noticeable reactions. (Groome, David, 1999, p. 5) Indeed, a few behaviorists were so excited to investigate past human experience that they never tried to dispense with internal mental procedures from their examinations, which demonstrated their enthusiasm to take a shot at rodents as opposed to on human subjects. Almost certainly, what experience a person brings to a lab, nothing else can bring. B.F. Skinner (1938) Skinner, proceeded with the exemplary work on the behaviorist methodology, via preparing

The Romantic Era Of Opera Music Essay

The Romantic Era Of Opera Music Essay The Romantic Era was a period in music in which there was a lot of progress during the 1850s to the 1920s in the hypothesis and compositional act of music. The writers composed their pieces with progressively aesthetic opportunity, experimentation, and imagination than the craftsmen of the traditional time and this made the tune become the more prevailing aspect in the tunes formed. Some mainstream writers that started out of this period are: Robert Schumann, Franz Schubert, Frã ©dã ©ric Chopin, and Richard Wagner. For motivation, numerous Romantic authors went to visual expressions, verse, dramatization and writing, and to nature itself. These impacts drove writers to communicate feeling in their music. These adjustments in the sound of the music came as the expanded utilization of cacophony and the all-encompassing utilization of chromatics. Albeit Romantic period music contained old style time roots, the instruments utilized in the Romantic time were changing and metal and woodw ind instruments were being improved in the nature of sound, just as by they way they were played. Some Romantic time writers utilized their arrangements to communicate patriotism by the method of joining components one of a kind to their local societies, for example, society melodies, moves, and amazing narratives. Mikhail Glinka is a case of a writer who composed shows explicitly on Russian subjects. Numerous incredible dramas got from the Romantic time including Gaetano Donizettis Lucia di Lammermoor, just as Gioachino Rossinis The Barber of Seville. Drama was exceptionally predominant in Italy where the dramas contrasted from the shows of the old style time on the grounds that the type of the pieces were being changed by having the tenors given the brave lead in dramas and by giving the chorale a more significant lead than previously. Gioachino Rossini was the primary arranger to start a drama in the Romantic time, which began in the mid nineteenth century. His first piece, La Cambiale di Matrimonio, included scenes where the characters communicated feeling through the verses of their tunes. This was a comedic drama that was the first of its sort which was written in 1810. Numerous extraordinary authors followed Rossini including Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Giuseppe Verdi. These authors kept on changing the manner in which shows were being composed just as preforme d. These progressions were obvious in Verdis first fruitful show, Nabucco, which the overall population discovered fascinating as a result of its extraordinary ensembles. Verdi likewise kept on communicating patriotism in his shows, Va, pensiero, which was deciphered as offering importance to the battle for Italian freedom and Verdi was communicating his plan to bring together Italy. Before the finish of the Romantic period, drama had become a blend of numerous works of art including the theater, move and symphony situated music. In spite of the fact that drama was transcendent in Italy, numerous other European writers were adding to the adjustments in the music of their age, including German author Richard Wagner. Richard Wagner was conceived on May 22, 1813 in Leipzig, Germany where he had a troublesome youth. Wagners father kicked the bucket of typhus a half year after Richards birth which drove his mom Johanna Rosine Wagner, to start living with the entertainer and dramatist Ludwig Geyer, who had been a companion of Richards father up until his demise. Richards mother at that point continued to wed Ludwig Geyer and they moved the family to Dresden. It is here where Wagner began his melodic learning. Richard first checked out quite a while step fathers love for the theater and execution expressions and he played a holy messenger in a play at a neighborhood theater. At the point when he was seven, Wagner was selected at Pastor Wetzels school at Possendorf, close to Dresden, where he got some piano guidance from his Latin instructor. After a year his stepfather kicked the bucket which drove the multi year old Wagner to go to the Kreuz Grammar School in Dresden. In spite of the fact that Richard was generally a self trained performer he convinced his family to permit him to take music exercises. From 1828-1831 Wagner finished his first exercises in arrangement with Christian Gottlieb Mã ¼ller and when he was fifteen he had composed his first play. Wagners center around dramatization is one reason his dramas truly sparkled as being not quite the same as shows of the old style time. He selected at the University of Leipzig in 1831 where Wagner further took creation exercises from Christian Theodor Weinlig who would not let Richard pay for the exercises he was giving him. Weinlig was so dazzled with Wagners abilities that he masterminded one of Wagners piano attempts to be distributed. Wagner proceeded with his examinations in music and he finished his first show when he was twenty years of age called Die Feen. This drama would not be delivered until 50 years after the fact when it was debuted in Munich soon after his passing in 1883. Around the time he composed his first show, Wagner wedded the entertainer Minna Planer, who he moved to Riga with where he turned into the music executive of the nearby drama house. His relationship with his significant other was a pained one in that she left him once for another man, yet returned to him before they moved to Paris due to escaping from huge obligation. In 1862 he came back to Germany, where he moved in with Ludwig II. After the achievement of his drama, Tristan und Isolde, he chose to accomplish all the more going around Europe where he made such works of art as Siegfried and Gã ¶tterdã ¤mmerung. Towards an amazing finish Wagner chose to settle in Italy where composed his last show, Parsifal. Parsifal was first preformed at the Bayreuth celebration which happened at the show house in which Wagner himself subsidized. A fter the second Bayreuth celebration the Wagners chose to travel to Venice in the winter of 1883. It is here where Richard Wagner died because of a respiratory failure. In his long melodic vocation Wagner made thirteen shows including the most eminent Rienzi, Der fliegende Hollã ¤nde, Tristan und Isolde, and Der Ring des Nibelungen. Unmistakably Wagner was changing the manner in which dramas were being preformed, and he kept on driving the music further into the Romantic period by survey shows as all out works of art.

Joseph Estrada and National Service Training Essay Example for Free

Joseph Estrada and National Service Training Essay Republic Act 9163 is a demonstration setting up the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for tertiary level understudies. Its short title is National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001. It was passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate of the Republic of the Philippines on December 19, 2001. It was in this manner endorsed by Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo last January 23, 2002. RA 9163 or the National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001 NSTP is a program planned for improving urban awareness and safeguard readiness in the young by create ing the morals of administration and enthusiasm while experiencing preparing in any of its three (3) program parts. (RA 9163). Area 2 Rule 1 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the NSTP Act expresses the job of the young in country building. It says: 1. In acknowledgment of the indispensable job of the young in country assembling, the State will advance metro awareness among them and will build up their physical, profound, scholarly and social prosperity. It will instill the standards of energy, patriotism, and advance their association out in the open and metro issues. 2. As the most significant asset of the country, they will be inspired, prepared, composed and engaged with military, education, community government assistance programs and other comparative undertakings in the administration of the country. ROTC is a program standardized under Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act 7077 intended to give mili-tary preparing to tertiary level understudies so as to persuade, train, sort out and activate them for national barrier readiness. (RA 9163). CWTS alludes to projects or exercises contributory to the general government assistance and the improvement of life for the individuals from the network or the upgrade of its offices, particularly those gave to improving wellbeing, instruction, condition, business enterprise, security, diversion and ethics of the populace. (RA 9163). LTS is a ? program intended to prepare understudies to become educators of proficiency and numeracy abilities to class chil-dren, out of school youth, and different sections of society needing their administration. (RA 9163). NSTP Act expresses that all approaching first year recruits understudies, male and female, beginning School Year (SY) 2002-2003, joined up with any baccalaureate and in any event two (2) year spe cialized professional or partner courses, are re-quired to finish one (1) NSTP segment of their decision, as a graduation prerequisite. (RA9163 IRR). Progressively finished, NSTP segment picked by the understudy will be embraced in two (2) terms and be credited for a 3-unit subject per term. Significant and enduring convictions or beliefs shared by the individuals from a culture about what is fortunate or unfortunate and attractive or bothersome. Qualities have significant effect on a people conduct and mentality and fill in as wide rules in all circumstances. Some basic business esteems are reasonableness, advancement and network inclusion. 2. The money related worth of something in regions, for example, bookkeeping, financial matters, promoting or science. A worth can be characterized as your own conviction on a good or moral issue. For instance, the individuals who have solid family esteems accept that families ought to consistently eat dinners together. The individuals who have solid Christian qualities think that its imperative to go to chapel every sunday. Instruction in its general sense is a type of learning where information, aptitudes, and propensities for a gathering of individuals are moved starting with one age then onto the next through educating, preparing, inquire about, or just through autodidacticism. For the most part, it happens through any experience that formatively affects the way one thinks, feels, or acts. The abundance of information gained by a person in the wake of contemplating specific topics or encountering life exercises that give a comprehension of something. Training requires guidance or the like from an individual or created writing. The most widely recognized types of training result from long stretche s of tutoring that consolidates investigations of an assortment of subjects.

Sixth Grade State Test Essay Samples - Gets the Teachers on the Straight and Narrow

Sixth Grade State Test Essay Samples - Gets the Teachers on the Straight and NarrowWhat should the latest crop of sixth grade state test essay samples look like? It might surprise you to learn that most children's test-taking is relatively easy, so you need to keep things interesting. There are some great samples here, but you need to know where to find them and what to look for to make sure that they are effective in getting your students ready for the real thing.It's not so hard to find these kinds of lesson-learning texts for use in the teacher's state test essays. It just takes a little time-consuming detective work. As long as you know where to look, you can find them on the web and find out how to use them to your advantage.You can often find them in the school library. There are usually plenty of magazines or newspapers that feature articles on tests. If they are actually written by test takers, they may even include their test answers. Here's an example from a New York Times story on high school English students taking the state English and Spelling test:The students began their exam reading in the New York Times, where a test-taking option called test-implication had been suggested. It allowed the students to explain their own writing to the teacher, even if it wasn't true. Some students went so far as to rewrite the paper completely, by looking up the spelling of unfamiliar words in the dictionary and then coming up with the correct pronunciation. In the essays, students spelled words out phonetically.It's worth mentioning that many of these kind of essays you can find online. That's because they are written for the general public and usually make use of the same descriptive styles and grammar that teachers might be using to help them with the real thing. The trick is to make sure that they are actually of some use to you as you're teaching your students to take the real test.There are plenty of opportunities to find many of these sixth grade state te st essay samples that you can use for your state-test essay. They can be found in the back of newspapers, in magazines, in the books you buy, and even in the news. The key is to make sure that they are written for children and not children's books or pictures, as some of them are meant to be used in real school.Use these essay samples, get the students into the habit of looking up words and concepts in the dictionary and how to spell them, and you'll find that you have your students ready for the real thing. And with a little creativity, you'll get the test-taking to be a lot more fun for them.

Social Media And Its Impact On Society Essay - 1339 Words

Take a minute to think about the world today. Everyone, surrounded by different social media sites: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and more, is being influenced one way or another and some without even realizing it. Throughout my lifetime I have seen a gradual increase in the amount of social media sites, the use of magazines, and the audiences of television shows and movies. All are experiencing a steady growth that is inflicting a negative outcome on society. With so many different influences from one form of media to the next, it is difficult to control what sites are posting as well as realizing what they are capable of doing to the human race, specifically to all the women in today’s society. From newspapers, magazines, and electronics, society surrounds itself in a web of negativity and traps the human mind into thinking this is the way we are supposed to live. In 1928, the first television broadcast came out. Then in 1991, the world wide population was exposed to the newest and greatest invention of mankind, the internet (The Next Web). Newspapers and magazines are the oldest forms of media yet are still prevalent in the world today. In history, newspapers were used solely to inform readers on what important news was occurring in the world during that time as well as give information about job openings, businesses and weather. Magazines were not as popular but still were used by many over the years. As time went on, there was a gradual increase in the usageShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Social Media On Society Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesHave you thought about the impact that social media has on society? Today I would like to address the impact of social media on society for those of you that are social media users and this includes the advantages or disadvantages that as associated with it. In this speech, I want to relate to you how social media is being used by social media users. 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The short film titled, The Library Book, perfectly illustrates this as the characters within the film learn to assimilate in a society dominated by social media. The actions of each characterRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society987 Words   |  4 Pages The Negative Impact of Social Media on Society Marylin Vos Savant once said, â€Å"Email, instant messaging, and cell phones give us fabulous ability, but because we live and work in our own little worlds, that communication is totally disorganized†. The society we live in today requires modern technology. Texting, tweeting, and other forms of abbreviated communications are now changing how we speak. Of course technology and social media to be precise, is not necessarily evil; they have boosted the world’sRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society1652 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1968, popular artist Andy Warhol had brought to attention his opinion on the over-populated celebrity society of the time with his quote â€Å"In the future, everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes†. Times change, and the future approached, but Andy may have underestimated just how true that is. Nowadays, the quote has been translated to fit the modern times, â€Å"everyone will be famous for 15mb†. The quote being changed to that says a lot about the times that we are going through right now, whichRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1224 Words   |  5 Pages Social media is a variety of platforms provided to the public as a medium for expression and communication. Seemingly, social media could be viewed as a positive contribution to society, but one must consider the underlying effects of society. Many of us don’t take into account the role that social media plays in the way we perceive things, think, and live our lives. Social media plays a critical part in societal norms. â€Å"Social norms are rules of conduct that governs interactions among individualsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages What it Means to be Black In 2016, society is at a place where people are able to discover tons of information at the touch of a finger; this indeed can impact on how we view common things in society, such as identity. This statement holds true for â€Å"blacks† or African Americans as well. The stigma that comes with being black has been around for centuries; however, many blacks are using social media to combat negativity. In an era predicated on the use of the internet, black people have proven to

Othello Shakespeare s Othello And Reformation Theology

Othello and Reformation Theology In the opening act of Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago feigns great panic when he warns Othello of an approaching mob of angry men, â€Å"Those are the raised father and his friends,/ You were best go in† (1.2.29). Although he responds to Iago with great confidence, â€Å"Not I, I must be found† (1.2.30), Othello’s soul is soon to be tested, and his confidence will ultimately be broken. Othello’s soul, far from perfect, is masterfully spun by a craftsman who drew inspiration from a culture steeped in religious controversy and violence. Othello is a prideful man whose tragic fall and subsequent rise are modeled after the Reformation process of salvation. Though often pitied as an outsider and even more often condemned as a jealous monster, Othello is a Reformation saint whose struggle with sin and depravity places him within the ranks of an everyman. Othello’s flawed character, not an issue of his race but of his sin and depravity, are not uni que to his character but are drawn from a view of man that was widely propagated in Shakespeare’s England by Reformation theologians, pastors, preachers, and writers. This study of Othello will engage most specifically the works of Martin Luther and John Calvin, as they relate to the nature of redemptive humiliation. Othello’s damning pride and self-justifying habits are the most potent elements of his ruin. Robert Watson writes, â€Å"Pride is as fundamental to the tragedy of Othello as jealousy, and the

Occupational Preparedness and Clinical Performance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Occupational Preparedness and Clinical Performance. Answer: Introduction: Registered nurses are expected to demonstrate competence in their profession throughout the career. It is their sole responsibility to remain accountable for the care they provide while maintaining nursing standards and regulations for practice. The term burnout was first used by Freudenberger in 1974 to describe the exhaustion experienced by mental healthcare professionals at their workplace. Maslach gave a comprehensive definition for the term. Burnout was defined as the physical and mental exhaustion that a professional faces while maintaining contact with other people at work. Long stressful working hours give rise to this condition. Emotional exhaustion, personal achievements and depersonalization are three major components of this burnout. The negative effects of burnout affect the organization and create hindrance in the path of providing holistic care to the patients and in ensuring their safety (Pulido?Martos, Augusto?Landa Lopez?Zafra, 2012). Several studies have provided evidence for poor organizational outcome, career dissatisfaction and reduction in patient satisfaction regarding physical and mental health due to frequent burnouts among nurses (Caadas-De la Fuente et al., 2015). This report will critically appraise an empirical research that was carried out to determine the factors influencing job satisfaction, burnout and healthcare quality delivered to patients by new graduate nurses. Given the negative effects of nurse burnout on patient care quality, health infections and avoidable adverse events, several studies have been undertaken to explore the factors that influence the development of such mental and physical exhaustion among nurses. Data obtained from these studies have identified structural empowerment, leadership, staff adequacy and work-life balance as major contributing factors (Allen et al., 2012). The objective of the study was to assess two hypotheses related to work-life balance, leadership and staff adequacy on nurse job satisfaction and burnout (Boamah et al., 2017). 3 hypothesized models were tested on data obtained from a national study carried out in Canada. The hypothesis 1 tested whether the perception of nurses on the authentic leadership behavior of their supervisors created any positive effects on structural empowerment. This hypothesis took into account short or inadequate nurse staffing. Results from previous studies have proved that less number of nursing staff creates stress and increases the work load on the nurses. This makes them twice more likely to suffer from job dissatisfaction and burnout and they intended to leave the job after a year (Fong, 2016). This led to low job turnovers. The first hypothesis proposed that structural new graduate nurses face less burnout due to the positive effect of structural empowerment on reducing voluntary absentees, meeting staff shortage demands and maintaining work-life balance. The second hypothesis was tested on the data from the study conducted in Canada. The second hypothesis had 2 componen ts, which stated that high structural empowerment reduces short staffing frequency and creates less inference between work and life balance (Sexton et al., 2014). The third hypothesis stated that inadequate staffing creates more frequent work-life interference (Wang et al., 2012). Hypothesis 4 was also tested on the data. It proposed that short staff and work-life interference increased the likelihood of nurse burnouts a year later. The other hypothesis also focused on the negative effects of burnouts on nurse job satisfaction and patient care (Lu et al., 2012). Thus, it can be stated that the design was purely built on these 6 hypotheses that tried to establish the association between nurse burnouts and workplace environment and balance. The design aimed to connect job stress and burnout that occurred a year later to short staffing (Appendix 1). The study collected random samples from 400 registered nurses. These samples were selected from 10 Canadian province nursing registry database. The database contained 3,743 results. The inclusion criteria were stringent and included only nurses who had work experience of less than 3 years. Nurses who were directly involved in patient care were encouraged to participate in the study (Boamah et al., 2017). A time period of 3 years was fixed to ensure that the nurses were new graduates and me the primary criteria for the study. 1020 new graduate nurses returned their surveys at Time 1 with a response rate of 27.3% and 406 respondents from Time 1 returned the survey at Time 2 with a response rate of 39.8%. The intervention principally focused on surveys that recorded responses of the nurses with respect to their work life balance and perception on short staffing, leadership qualities and burnouts. The study utilized Dillmans approach for conducting the survey research. This was done to improve the response rates (Dillman, Smyth Christian, 2014). The survey research is a collection of information taken from a sample of target individuals by analyzing their responses to specific questions. The major outcome on which the hypotheses were tested was job satisfaction of new graduate nurses. It referred to the degree to which the nurses enjoyed their job. It included their relation with coworkers and supervisors, work load and scheduling. This outcome was considered an integral part of providing positive healthcare to the patients. The effect of staffing levels, support from supervisors greatly influence job satisfaction as evident from results of various studies (Meng et al., 2015). The outcome measurement got its ethical approval from the University of Western Ontario Health Sciences Research Ethics Board. Structural equation modeling in Mplus software was used to analyse the hypothesized model (Boamah et al., 2017). The outcomes were evaluated using structural empowerment, authentic leadership and burnout as latent variables. Patient care quality and short staffing were modelled as manifest variables. At Time 1 (November 2012 March 2013), eligible nurses were mailed A survey package was mailed to the eligible nurses that included the questionnaire, letter of consent (Adriaenssens, De Gucht Maes, 2015). A second survey package was sent to the non-responders 4 weeks later. Similar procedure was followed during Time 2 for sending the questionnaires to nurses who responded for Time 1. This ensured better response and valid results. Thus, this approach provided a rigorous approach for the research study. The SPSS software was used for the statistical study. Bootstrapping method was repeated 1000 times to measure the indirect effects of mediation and 95% confidence interval. This process thereby allowed accuracy of the measures (Fang Wang, 2012). This was mainly used as an alternative to the statistical inference of the model assumptions. Repeating the process 1000 times gave a histogram, which gave an estimate of the variation of the means. The Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Chi-square (v2), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) were utilized to assess the hypothesized model. SRMR and RMSEA helped in assessing the degree of badness of fit (McGLYNN et al., 2012). However, 0.90 critical values of TFI and CFI showed the correlation between the data. The questionnaires used to assess the study variables were reliable. Their validity was examined using Cronbachs (Bonett Wright, 2015). A 16 item Authentic Leadership Questionnaire was used to measure the validity of the perception of nurses on the leadership of their managers and supervisors. It was based on a 5 point Likert scale. The Conditions of Work Effectiveness-II scale used for measuring structural empowerment was valid as well as evident from previous studies. The balance between the personal and professional life of nurses was assessed using the Work Interference with Personal Life (WIPL) scale. Cynicism and emotional exhaustion subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey was used to measure burnouts. Cronbachs of 0.85 for work life balance, 0.86 for job satisfaction and 0.92 for emotional exhaustion among nurses. Thus, it can be stated that the study did make use of reliable and valid parameters. 405 registered nurses with an average of 1.17 years of direct clinical experience with patients were recruited in the study. The nurses were 27.67 years old on an average. 92% nurses were female and 94% had a baccalaureate degree in nursing. 52% were placed in the medical or surgical units and 16.3% in critical care units (Boamah et al., 2017). The mean, standard deviation and Cronbachs for short staffing, structural empowerment, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, patient care quality and work life interference are shown the Appendix 3. The results obtained on performing statistical analysis supported the hypotheses. 2(223) = 600.085, CFI = 0.93, P = 0.001, TLI = 0.92, SRMR = 0.06 and RMSEA = 0.05. All paths were found to be in the direction of the hypotheses (Appendix 4). Structural empowerment was found to be positively affected by authentic leadership (= 0.63, P0.001). The former on the other hand, had a negative influence on shortage of staff (= -0.30, P0.05) during Time 1. Shortage of staff displayed direct correlation with work life interference. The statistical data revealed that nurses who experienced short staffing and work life interference were more likely to suffer from burnout and reported low patient care quality, when analyzed a year later. Patient care quality was positively affected by job satisfacti on (= 0.17, P0.001) (Boamah et al., 2017). Thus, the indirect effects of structural empowerment and authentic leadership on burnouts experienced by new graduate nurses were statistically significant (Appendix 5). The study had some weakness. The first limitation was in the use of self-reported questionnaires. Data from previous studies have shown that these questionnaires often lead to response biases and the responses are influenced by situational or contextual influences. Anonymous completion of the questions in their own privacy and confidentiality might have reduced all biases (Shahnazdoust et al., 2012). That would have increased the validity of the study. The study focused on patient care quality and shortage of staff as single item measures during the statistical analysis. This was another limitation. Usage as single item measures increased vulnerability to random errors and biases in interpretation (Lee et al., 2013). However, they offered an advantage of reducing common method variances. The low response rate from nurses is another concern for the study. This introduced bias in responses and might have influenced the results. Moreover, the specialty areas where the nurses were placed could influence the level of burnouts among them. This could have altered the results. The results obtained in this study supported the hypotheses that were proposed. The relationship between structural empowerment, leadership, short staffing and worklife interference with job satisfaction, burnout, and patient care were successfully demonstrated. The results were consistent with previous studies and showed that perception of new graduate nurse about authentic leadership of their supervisors was directly related structural empowerment in the hospital settings (Laschinger, Wong Grau, 2013). The statistical results suggested some novel findings that indicated negative correlation of empowerment with worklife interference and short-staffing. This correlation led to an increase in burnout among nurses a year later. In addition, it can be said that care quality and job satisfaction are negatively influenced by burnout (Todaro-Franceschi, 2012). Thus, the findings supported empirical and theoretical links between structural empowerment and leadership (Boamah et al., 2017). Previous studies indicated that authentic leaders are responsible for developing genuine relationships with nurses and bringing out positive work results (Epp, 2012). Thus, the findings were consistent with the indications that leading nurse managers, who provided learning opportunities and access to resources to new graduate nurses, were more successful in reducing mental exhaustion (Rudman Gustavsson, 2012). This was one of the first studies that linked structural empowerment and authentic leadership to burnouts. The results therefore showed significant association between the two. The findings suggest that nurses who are exposed to more work life interference and short staffing are likely develop greater burnout levels a year later (Boamah et al., 2017). Hence, it can be stated that establishment of caring and ethical work environment will create positive outcomes in hospital settings. The results can be applied in future in workplaces. If sufficient nursing staff ratio and improved workplace environment are followed in hospitals, they will lead to better patient care and overall satisfaction (Vargas et al., 2014). Thus it can be concluded that upfront investment in training new graduate nurses and proper address of staff issues can be employed as essential strategies that will create a supportive working environment for the nurses and will help in reducing their mental and physical exh austion. The Canadian Institutes for Health Research Partnerships for Health Systems Improvement (#122182) was the main funding institute for the study. It was supported by other hospitals and registered nurses institutes as well. References Adriaenssens, J., De Gucht, V., Maes, S. (2015). Determinants and prevalence of burnout in emergency nurses: A systematic review of 25 years of research.International journal of nursing studies,52(2), 649-661. Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Saboe, K. N., Cho, E., Dumani, S., Evans, S. (2012). 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